Flies Assortment

Flies Assortment

Which organism did Mendel utilize to work out the laws of segregation and independent assortment?

a. the fruit fly

C
The Law of Segregation, also known as Mendel's First Law, essentially has four parts.

Alternative versions of genes account for variations in inherited characteristics. This is the concept of alleles. Alleles are different versions of genes that impart the same characteristic. For example, each human has a gene that controls eye color, but there are variations among these genes in accordance with the specific color the gene "codes" for.
For each characteristic, an organism inherits two alleles, one from each parent. This means that when somatic cells are produced from two gametes, one allele comes from the mother and one from the father. These alleles may be the same (true-breeding organisms/homozygous), or different (hybrids/heterozygous).
If the two alleles differ, then one, the allele that encodes the dominant trait, is fully expressed in the organism's appearance; the other, the allele encoding the recessive trait, has no noticeable effect on the organism's appearance. In other words, only the dominant trait is seen in the phenotype of the organism. This allows recessive traits to be passed on to offspring even if they are not expressed. Not all traits have a dominant-recessive relationship, however. The "Japanese wonder flower" Mirabilis jalapa illustrates incomplete dominance . There is also codominance e.g. Human blood types where A and B are codominant and O is recessive.
The two alleles for each characteristic segregate during gamete production. This means that each gamete will contain only one allele for each gene. This allows the maternal and paternal alleles to be combined in the offspring, ensuring variation.
The Law of Independent Assortment, also known as Mendel's Second Law, states that the emergence of one trait will not affect the emergence of another. While his experiments with mixing one trait always resulted in a 3:1 ratio between dominant and recessive phenotypes, his experiments with mixing two traits (dihybrid cross) showed 9:3:3:1 ratios . Mendel concluded that different traits are inherited independently of each other, so that there is no relation, for example, between a cat's color and tail length. This is actually only true for genes that are not linked to each other.

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